Histomorphometric evaluation of mice testicular tissue following short- and long-term effects of lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia

Objectives Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia is known to cause male infertility. This study was designed to explore the effects of bacterial LPS on histomorphometric changes of mice testicular tissues. Materials and Methods In experiment 1, a pilot dose responsive study was performed with mice that were divided into five groups, receiving 36000, 18000, 9000, and 6750 µg/kg body weight (B.W) of LPS or only saline (control). White blood cells (WBC) were observed for 3 days after LPS inoculation. In experiment 2, two groups of mice were treated with 6750 µg/kg B.W of LPS or only saline (control). Five cases from each experimental group were sacrificed at 3, 30, and 60 days after LPS inoculation. Left testes were fixed in Bouin's solution, and stained for morphometrical assays. Results Time-course changes of WBC obtained from different doses of LPS-treated mice showed that inoculation of 6750 µg/kg B.W produced a reversible endotoxemia that lasts for 72 hr and so it was used in the second experiment. In experiment 2, during the first 3 days, no significant changes were observed in the evaluated parameters instead of seminiferous tubules diameter. Spermatogenesis, Johnsen's score, meiotic index, and epithelial height were significantly affected at 30th day. However, complete recovery was only observed for the spermatogenesis at day 60. Interestingly, deleterious effects of LPS on spermatogonia were only seen at 60th day (P<0.05). Conclusion Endotoxemia induced by LPS has long-term detrimental effects on spermatogonia and later stage germ cells, which are reversible at the next spermatogenic cycle.